Hybrid Cars Essay -- Gasoline Electric Hybrid Automobiles

1 Introduction A solid and prosperous society depends on a sound and prosperous economy. Also, during the only remaining century, following the financial development, the interpersonal organizations extension and the geographic scattering of monetary exercises, transport turned into the spinal segment of business and modern connection. The limit of people just as firms to trade products and enterprises became vital for monetary purposes as well as for better life quality. Tragically, the downside impacts of transport importantly affect the common and human situations on one hand, and on the developing fuel utilization going with the current oil emergency on another hand. Petroleum derivative ignition related to urban vehicle conditions lead to genuine harm to delicate biological systems and human wellbeing just as adding to climatic changes and an Earth-wide temperature boost. This prompts the call of the ecological security organizations and market rivalry everywhere throughout the world for noteworthy improvement of mileage of all the various classes of vehicles. In the mean time, contemplates have affirmed that lately, fuel utilization from rock solid vehicles has developed at an a lot quicker rate then that of traveler vehicles because of an expansion in the interest for transportation of products [2]. What's more, overwhelming trucks and transports are regularly outfitted with profoundly proficient diesel motors, which limit the open doors for up grades in mileage through investigations on the motors effectiveness. Therefore, cross breed drive frameworks can be basic answers for accomplish future mileage objectives for substantial vehicles [3]. 2 What is a Hybrid Car. A crossover vehicle is a vehicle that utilizes a mix of at any rate two distinctive fuel hotspots for its prop... ...ice for Hybrid Powertrain Applications†, SAE paper 2005-01-0810, 2005 . [2] †Wu, Lin, Filipi, Peng, Assanis, â€Å"Optimization of intensity the board systems for a Hydraulic Hybrid Medium Truck†, the college of Michigan, Advanced vehicle control gathering, Hiroshima, Japan, September 2002. [3] †Buchwald, Christensen, Larsen and Pedersen, â€Å"Improvement of City transport Fuel Economy Using a Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion System †a Theoretical and Experimental Study†, SAE Paper 790305, Warrendale, 1979. [4] †Filipi, Louca, Daran, Lin, Yildir, Wu, Kokkolaras, Assanis, Szkubiel and Chapp, â€Å"Combined improvement of plan and force the executives of the water driven half and half impetus framework for the 6x6 medium truck† , Automotive examination community, University of Michigan, National Automotive Center, US Army RDECOM, 2004. [5] †www.hybridcars.com [6] †www.consumerreports.org

Cng Crisis in Pakistan free essay sample

Date: 18. 05. 2013 CHEMISTRY PAPER †II Max. Imprints: 17 9:30 a. m. to 9:50 a. m. (Science Pre-Engineering Pre-Medical Groups) Time: 20 minutes SECTION ‘A’ (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) †(M. C. Qs. ) NOTE: I) This segment comprises of 17 section questions and all are to be replied. Each question conveys one imprint. ii) Do not duplicate down the part inquiries in your answerbook. Compose just the appropriate response in full against the best possible number of the inquiry and its part. ii) The code number of your inquiry paper is to be written in striking letters in the start of the answerscript. 1. Select the most fitting response for each from the given choices: I) The nuclear number of a component having a place with bunch VA and third period is: * 7 * 13 * 15 * 23 ii) Elements of gathering IB are called: * Normal components * Rare Earth metals * Coinage metals * Alkali metals iii) Hydride particle and Helium molecule have the equivalent: * number of protons * number of electrons * number of neutrons * valency iv) The quantity of neutrons in Protium is: * zero * 1 * 2 * 3 ) The component having the image ‘Ga’ has a place with this family: * Carbon * Nitrogen * Boron * Beryllium vi) On consuming in abundance of Oxygen, Sodium shapes its: * superoxide * peroxide * monoxide * dioxide vii) A blend of Aluminum nitrate and Aluminum powder is called: * Duralumin * Ammonal * Carnallite * Alum viii) Ca2B6O11. We will compose a custom paper test on Cng Crisis in Pakistan or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 5H2O is the substance equation of: * Cryolite * Colemanite * Bauxite * Borax ix) The recipe of Hypochlorous corrosive is: * HOCl * HClO2 * HClO3 * HClO4 x) The metal particle having the most elevated number of unpaired electrons is: * Mn? 2 * Fe? 2 * Co? 2 * Ni? 2 xi) The synthetic name of snickering gas is: Nitric oxide * Nitrous oxide * Nitrogen trioxide * Nitrogen pentoxide xii) This has the base hydration vitality: * Na+ * K + * Rb+ * Cs+ xiii) Cycloalkanes have the general equation: * C Hn n2 2? * C Hn n2 * C Hn n2 2? * C Hn n2 4? xiv) Glycogen is a: * Monosaccharide * Oligosaccharide * Polysaccharide * Disaccharide xv) This gas was utilized in the First World war: * Phosgene gas * Mustard gas * Coal gas * Ammonia gas xvi) The hybridization in the Carbon particle of Carbonyl gathering is: * sp * sp2 * sp 3 * d sp 2 3 xvii) All honorable gases satisfy the Octet rule aside from: * Kr * Ne * He * Ar

Solving Great Wall Restaurant Problems

Question: Examine about the Solving Great Wall Restaurant Problems. Answer: Presentation: The food and refreshment industry is one of the developing organizations that dominant part of the business people's are glad to take part in s the profits are high. It is typical for the division to be on the ascent as the number of inhabitants in individuals all inclusive is high, and every one of these individuals need food to expend. Additionally, note that individuals need food of any sort as well as excellent food with great taste. This factor makes lodgings win various quantities of clients. Quality administrations are an assurance of more deals and high benefits. Tastes and inclinations of the clients cause the inns to turn out to be increasingly acclaimed and suggested all around. It is, accordingly, extremely critical for lodging proprietors to make their organizations the most appealing by offering the best assistance as rivalry is high. Having an upper hand doesn't keep going for long in the market has changes in the business are day by day occasions (Porter, 2011). Stati stical surveying is important to know the varieties in the market and what the clients need (Mager, 2008, pp. 255-256). Market development and improvement of any inn needs it to recognize the requirements of the clients which are ever changing and discover methods of guaranteeing their fulfillment. The client is in every case right and need to the business as he guarantees its progression by purchasing the items it offers. The individuals with the command to do every one of these exercises are the administrators as they control crafted by the lodgings to guarantee that the clients get what they required without frustrations. Clashes and fights in the activity among the partners undermine the life of the association (Franks, et al, 2014, pp.7576-7581).The supervisors must go about as go betweens' in the midst of contentions and be reasonable in decisions to evade abberations among the partners. All the time the organizations must benefit all prerequisites for execution of occupations and give a helpful domain to the workers. The laborers, then again, have a commitment to move in the direction of the accomplishment of the association objectives and goals. Nonetheless, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to guarantee a smooth running of the exercises of the association and clashes may emerge. On account of such occasion happening the administrators have an obligation to settle the issues and guarantee congruity of business exercises. Business exercises stoppage may prompt misfortunes which must be dodged constantly. Workers are individuals and must be dealt with well with adoration and care. The pioneers or representatives must not threaten the different as all the gatherings in any organizations are vital. Inspiration and meeting in the dynamic of the workers are pivotal to give them assurance in their day by day exercises as they see themselves esteemed by the business the board. The supervisory group must attempt by all way to guarantee that their organizations have high deals. The award of any business endeavor is benefit making and not misfortunes. Endurance of the incredible rivalry organizations must be inventive and imaginative in thinking of administrations which are unique in relation to their rivals. In the inn business, an inn should deliver items which are one of a kind and delectable to draw in more client (McElhaney, 2009, pp. 30-36). Point Approach The Great Wall Restaurant is doing incredible in the food and drink industry as it has high deals and piece of the overall industry. In any case, the organization has numerous inside clashes which must be comprehended to guarantee smooth progression of business. Likewise, the organization needs new techniques for completing its exercises to contend sufficiently with different contenders who have received change. As a specialist in the neighborliness business, I am attempting to check ways that the association can change to guarantee business exercises proceed every now and again. The firm is encountering high rivalry, and it can utilize the doorman's five powers investigation to empower it to realize how to battle the opposition be a market chief (Porter, 2008, pp.25-40). The five powers are the accompanying. The danger of new markets contestants who are the expanding business people's who see an open door in the business to get it. The fresh introductions accompany better approaches for working with a mean to be the most alluring than the current organizations. Danger substitutes is another test for organizations from contenders. The clients can purchase the options as they fill a similar need as the organizations' items and this is a hazard for organizations. Clients consistently search for items which they can bear, and this causes them to pick the best costs in the market. At the point when the nearby substitutes are offered at low costs, they become more alluring than the other company's items. The inn's chiefs must be inventive and creative to think of items which are exceptional and without any substitutes (Jrgensen, 2008, pp.236-238). Contention in the inn business is high as the opposition is hardened. The competition can be among the organizations or the partners of the firm. Business exercises may bomb when there is any interference either inside or remotely as organizations exercises need a helpful situation to develop. It is difficult to keep away from industry contention, however organizations must guarantee harmony and amicability among its partners for good results (Magretta, 2013).. Bartering intensity of the clients can empower the lodgings to change the methods of activity. The points of organizations are to fulfill clients' needs and have a broad client base. On the off chance that the clients are not many than the organizations, they will in general decide the nature their activities. These can be with respect to costs of items, quality, and amount. Bartering intensity of providers can make the firm have an upper hand over the rivals in the market. Providers furnish the business with crude materials, work, and so on if the organization have control of the providers these implies that it have a favorable position over the contenders. The powers of Porter planned for demonstrating how the organization can get serious in the market to have the high client base. Notwithstanding, there is the blue sea procedure which can be utilized by a lodging to guarantee that it has an upper hand (Strategy, 2015). The arrangement targets disposing of rivalry for the firm. The Great Wall Restaurant can accomplish these by being inventive and creative and thinking of one of a kind items. Additionally, the organization can search for new markets which don't have contenders, and by this, it turns into the main provider controlling the numerous clients. Audit Analysis Initiative depends on the capacity of the pioneers to have control over his group and lead them to the execution of the set exercises. Force is the capacity to impact a specific gathering of individuals to tune in and follow what an individual teaches. Directors as the pioneers of the association must have the ability to administer the workers as they do the business exercises. Force originates from uniqueness character of an individual, for example, imagination, imaginativeness, information, knowledge, assurance among other character qualities of a force. The pioneer can impact individuals to accomplish something without fundamental utilizing power. Be that as it may, pioneers can utilize power to impact individuals to accomplish something. These pioneers are known as tyrants and they care just for their prosperity. Law based pioneers, then again, don't utilize power to impact an after yet their practices draw in the individuals to tail them enthusiastically. On account of Great Wal l Restaurant, Henry the executive is equitable in administration however he has a few indecencies, for example, partiality and protection from change. He is a parochial director who is consistently cynical about the new development. Innovation is helpful to the association as it gives better approaches for completing business which is less exorbitant and time viable yet he is delayed to execute them. Dynamic was my point objective as a specialist to enable the lodging to lessen the issues encountering inside which may bring about misfortunes later on. The two divisions for example kitchen and café floor are in contention as a result of some moral issues did either by the workers or the directors. The methodology I utilized in critical thinking and dynamic as a specialist was the McKinsey approach. The McKinsey approach targets getting the answer for the issue in the most brief time conceivable before the issues influencing the firm reason misfortunes. The procedure ought to likewise devour less assets and return the business exercises to ordinary. To be to take care of a difficult one must realize the underlying drivers of debates. The methodologies guarantee that the solver is certainty based, sway driven and centered in the mission to discover the answer for the issue. The methodologies have seven phases which help critical thinking. The stages are characterizing the difficult which is commonly realizing what the issue causes turmoil is. Issue rebuilding which is the. Prioritization of the principle destinations of the inn is critical to see whether it endeavors to give a helpful domain to representatives working or weights on benefit making. Issue examination and strategy is attempting to perceive what ways you can use to take care of the issues. The investigation follows since there are numerous choices to take care of the issue and issue solvers endeavor in showing up at the best one. Blend is the way toward picking the best answer for take care of the current issue. In the end after the difficult solver gets the best approach to take care of the difficult he offers proposal to the vital body for execution (Taylor, 2013, pp.48-86). In the extraordinary divider café, I noticed that the principle issue was questions because of partiality on account of Henry to Richard and Shirley debates, awful treatment of representatives by the supervisor as Richard rewarded the eatery floor workers brutally, protection from change by the executive who fears innovation and abstains from fusing it in association exercises. The association likewise utilizes less talented representative as seasonal workers and this diminishes the outcomes accomplished. Despite the fact that the expense of wages and pay rates are high th

Historical Development f Public Administration

Chronicled Development f Public Administration Since at any rate the 1970s, open organization has been described by a scholarly character emergency, the different components of which can be most minimally summed up as the authenticity issue. Drawing from explicit creators and ways of thinking, plot the significant elements of the authenticity issue in open organization and depict the manners by which researchers and reformers have analyzed and endeavored to determine this issue. Next, clarify why the authenticity issue matters. What is in question? In thinking about this part of the inquiry, you should consider how the issues introduced by means of the authenticity question influence the ordinary act of law based government and the character of open organization as a field of study. The discussion over open organization personality and its authenticity issue have been the concentration for a long time, and liable to proceed in not so distant. Past researchers in open organization have inspected this issue through an assortment of approaches and points of view. All the more explicitly, the surrounding of the authenticity issue and personality emergency in the control are completely exposed to various researchers own concentration and discernment about the world. Maybe the starting point of the issue can be gone back to the foundation of US country, when Founding Fathers drafted the constitution and plan three parts of government with check and parity instrument, they forgot about open organization, which others may thought about that open organization is certifiably not a vote based creation because of its hieratical structure, and along these lines, doesn't have an authentic spot in government. When all is said in done, we can sum up these discussions into follo wing angles: the responsibility perspective, sacred viewpoint, job of government perspective, and technique for open organization utilize to move toward both scholarly investigation and pragmatic issues. These issues influence how we conceptualize the act of open organization just as the lead of research request in the field. Verifiable improvement of open organization (responsibility viewpoint) The most punctual researchers who notice the character of open organization are Wodrow Wilson and Goodnow, which likewise raise the issue of politic-organization division. During the early time of twentieth century, the administration framework is viewed as adulterated with supports. In this manner, Wilson contended that there ought to be an unmistakable division among governmental issues and organization, and Goodnow further presume that legislative issues is the portrayal of people groups will and organization is the execution of that will. They imagine a bureaucratic framework with hieratical structure and formal guidelines and guidelines, and master overseers will act reliably as indicated by the political framework. This idea offer ascent to the discussion among Friedrik and Finer, where on one hand, Finer puts stock in severe guideline that guard against chairmen misuse the force and directors should just concentrate on the specialized issues, while Friedrik was contending over seers are specialists and ought to effectively participate in policymaking process. Likewise, such polarity among governmental issues and organization additionally returned to by researchers Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon. Waldo in his Administrative State, calls attention to that the division is among realities and qualities, which is outlandish and ought not be independent in government, since open organization manages people groups recognition toward the state, and the examination just as training of it ought to be guided by various regulating esteems. Simon then again, in Administrative Behavior, contending while there is close connection among governmental issues and organization, the motivation behind open organization should concentrate on the most effective approach to complete those qualities. Experimental parts of authenticity issue (Job of the administration perspective) There are various viewpoints spinning authenticity issue, from observational and pragmatic angle, Nye et al in their book government and its disappointed perform experimental test and found that US open has low trust in government and see it as wasteful and inadequate which represents the authenticity issue for the legislature. Such negative discernment toward government, as per David Harvey is come from neoliberalism, particularly against Keynes way to deal with use the legislature during Roosevelt organization. Basically, the discussion over the job of government, or the strain among neoliberalism and Keynes approach, is about the personality of open organization. As such, neoliberalism considers chairmen as obstruction while Keynes supporter see positive incentive in them. This additionally presented the time of New Public Management (NPM) change. As per researchers Lynn and Kettl, NPM advocates for accentuation on proficiency and responsibi lity to clients, and the market approach which incorporate privatization of administrations, contract out taxpayer driven organization to private and non-benefit parts. In any case, ongoing researchers like Stivers, King et al, Denhardt, Fung, Nabatchi, and Lucio, they see shortcoming in relating back or digging out the state, and feature the significance of individuals trust and association with others, which government should assume dynamic job. (Constitution angle) Another purpose of consideration in authenticity issue lives in the constitution, or federalist and hostile to federalist banter. Constitution didn't straightforwardly specify the making of an authoritative framework yet center around division of intensity, which delivered the ambiguities of whether open organization is real or not. Researcher Spicer accept the explanation is on the grounds that constitution sees individuals as not constantly reasonable and must depend on formal standards and structure, and government sets up its authenticity through a federalist see. Be that as it may, different researchers have alternate points of view than Spicers. For instance, McSwite contends that the production of constitution is a trade off act, a contention between the social elites that need to guarantee their inclinations and lower citizenry, in which the elites effectively make an incorporated government that serve the enthusiasm of few. Along these lines, McSwite was champion a more straightforward type of majority rule government framework that can reduce the authenticity issue. Then again, researcher Rohr can't help contradicting McSwites position and accepts that constitution was really planned for open organization to exist since constitution restricts the lawmaking body branchs capacity to completely speak to people groups will. As such, Rohr propose that the authenticity issue happens because of various understanding of constitution, and the answer for government authenticity issue is open organization since overseers are nearer to the individuals contrast with congress. Significant schools of musings and researchers (technique viewpoint) It isn't astonishing that equivalent constitution could have a few distinctive significance for various researcher, which compare to researcher David Farmers contention that social the truth is diverse for various gatherings on the grounds that every researcher comprehension and approach the field is constrained by their own understanding and information. Originating from a post-pioneer point of view, Farmer proposes that the investigation of open organization should approach through inspecting the qualities hidden in current society. As it were, Farmers answer for the open organization character emergency is to inspect the truth through alternate point of view, which takes into account a superior comprehension of the real world. Specifically, he calls attention to the constraint of contemporary strategies in the act of open organization which remember accentuation for logical thinking in the order and market-ism practically speaking. On one hand, logical thinking disregards esteems and ethic measurement. On the other, showcase approach practice repudiates with governments objective of improving open wellbeing. In a general sense, post-pioneer point of view alert that reasons and objectivity may prevent our comprehension of the truth. Like Farmers post-pioneer point of view, Stivers approach this science and venture strategy in open organization through woman's rights viewpoint. Stivers brings up that present establishment for open organization was set up on sex contrasts, where manly traits like science and discernment conquer the basic properties like trust and caring which viewed as ladylike. Furthermore, Stivers accepts that the authenticity emergency is established in the idea of open organization, in which she contends that it is basically about open trust and association with one another, the ascribes viewed as ladylike. However open organization authenticity was set up through manliness, accordingly, which caused the abatement of enthusiasm for social h ealth and looks for effectiveness of individual intrigue. As indicated by Stivers, the final product of that contention prompts the authenticity issue, along these lines, Stivers accept the answer for the issue is that heads should concentrate on improving the relationship and association between individual among society, and upgrade people groups thought of the general population. Likewise, Stiverss idea compares to Waldos past recommendation. Waldo emphatically can't help contradicting open organization as a worth unbiased control that apply logical technique to interest proficiency, he contends that effectiveness is basically a worth additionally, and to stress on productivity along will penances other standardizing values. The well known model Waldo use is that Germanys approach during World War II of ethnic purifying is very effective. Ongoing researchers like Denhardts likewise contend another shortcoming in logical investigation into open organization study is the hazard that ignore as silly in people groups practices that are not driven by levelheadedness or personal circumstance. To sum up the strategy part of authenticity issue, for specialists, the character emergency lives in their discernment towa

Addiction and Behavior Essay Example for Free

Enslavement and Behavior Essay Proposal Statement: In this paper, I will attempt to break down dependence and the different practices that compulsion will prompt in an individual, and I will likewise depict the sorts of enslavement that a normal individual is inclined to, and examine the endeavors that are being made for a junkie to attempt to control his hostile conduct welcomed on by his habit. Specialists feel and do weight on the way that addictions and impulses of any sort stem and begin from a mind-boggling sentiment of not being in charge of one’s life, and a need to increase some type of command over occasions that appear to surpass the person in question. Certain addictions, in any case, have hereditary segments, and are by and large passed on inside the family, where one part may have been dependent or been inclined to habitual practices. He may have incidentally given this conduct to the people to come, and in these cases, this endless loop would proceed. Addictions can be of a few sorts. One such impulse is that of a dependence on drugs or different substances, and another is a fixation for sex. Dietary problems can likewise qualify as addictions of impulses, and overspending, betting and exhausting too are fanatical and enthusiastic disarranges. As indicated by specialists, â€Å"The intensity of imagination is the suffering intensity of addiction†, wherein a someone who is addicted might be inclined to creating dreams of having increased a feeling of command over his life, as a result of his compulsion. The fanatic would then be very reluctant to surrender these medication prompted dreams and enter an ordinary life once more, and this can be one of the serious issues that a someone who is addicted may look when he is dependent; regardless of what his fixation might be. The dependent individual would as a general rule decide to instigate state of mind changes in himself, rather than attempting to address the real reasons for the anxieties that he is confronted with. Take for instance a drunkard; he would want to drink and accuse the disappointment of his marriage for his mate, as opposed to confront the fundamental issues behind the disappointment of his marriage. In this lies the causes and the explanations behind his proceeded with dependence on liquor. Take the case of a cash someone who is addicted. This individual would want to gorge on a spending binge, instead of face the basic cash issues, and utilizing the cash to settle his obligations. To put it plainly, a someone who is addicted acts so that he accepts with solid conviction that regardless of what stresses life may need to toss at him, he would have the option to confront them all, as long as he has his own dependence on get him through life’s predicament.     (Earll, Steven, 2004) Because of broad logical research done as the years progressed, today one can be sensibly certain that compulsion as such can be qualified as an ailment that influences one’s mind just as one’s practices. It is fascinating to take note of that before, researchers ascribed addictive practices identified with medication and liquor maltreatment to the way that the client needed self control, and that he could, in the event that he wished to, stop his addictions. This was the view that molded the greater part of society’s reactions to addicts; a someone who is addicted was seen as an ethically imperfect person, who showed genuine good bombing by being not able to control his own practices. Today is just that the normal individual can grasp the essential actuality that compulsion might be the aftereffect of a blend of various components, and that it can must be treated as an illness than could make incredible mischief one’s wellbeing. Researchers today utilize this indispensable information to make and create powerful techniques for treatment, which would have the option to diminish the cost that dependence has on the individual’s loved ones. Today, preventive medication misuse has picked up priority over different types of treatment, and this has been demonstrated to assist addicts with getting over their addictions with a sensible measure of achievement. Illicit drug use or maltreatment as such can be portrayed as a constant and backsliding infection that influences the mind of the client, in spite of the client monitoring the way that such maltreatment can bring about grave ramifications for him over the long haul. One must recollect that the more extended an individual is dependent on drugs, the more hurtful the effect of the medications on his cerebrum, and the more unsafe his conduct may turn into. To comprehend the genuine idea of fixation, one should initially attempt to comprehend why individuals consume medications, and precisely why they become dependent on drugs and different substances. One of the more significant and one of the principal reasons as per specialists is that an individual beginnings ingesting medications with the goal that he may feel better. Most medications initiate a feeling of incredible delight in the person who has taken them, and all the more critically, the client feels a feeling of intensity, fearlessness and confidence that he could never feel in typical life. Maybe, the feeling of intensity, sentiments of unwinding and of serious fulfillment that the medications have given him initiates him to take more, and afterward some more, until when he can no longer control his admission, and at which time he is viewed as dependent. People, who may experience the ill effects of sentiments of intense tension, or from stress related clutters, or from clinical melancholy, are additionally inclined to utilize medications to assist them with beating these emotions. Some others may feel that medications may assist them with performing better, as for instance a competitor, who may take execution improving medications that would enable him to win. Youths might be especially defenseless against illicit drug use, maybe in view of companion pressure, or basically in light of the fact that ‘others are doing it, why not me?’ the tragic actuality is that despite the fact that medications may offer the client a feeling of fulfillment and force at the beginning, the facts demonstrate that as time passes by, the client will feel that he needs to take more amounts of a similar medication, on the off chance that he wished to accomplish similar sentiments of happiness and delight. It is right now that the client understands that he would not have the option to work without a ‘fix’, at which time he might be viewed as a ‘addict’. Medication addicts arrive at a state of time when they seek after the medication as though it were a life saver, paying little heed to the social issues that the Medication utilization may cause in them, and the difficulty that they might be causing others around them, in view of the medication use and dependence. It is now of time that sedate use gets known as medication misuse and dependence, and it is now that the addict’s poise turns out to be seriously stressed and hindered. Researchers have led mind imaging and mapping investigations of medication addicts, and the discoveries show that for dependent people, physical changes become apparent in the territories of the cerebrum that would ordinarily control judgment, dynamic, memory, and even conduct control. These are the adjustments in the cerebrum that influence the addict’s practices, and they likely could have the option to reveal insight into the habitual and the addictive practices showed by a someone who is addicted. An appalling component is that an adolescent’s mind keeps on forming and develop into adulthood, and when the immature uses tranquilizes and gets dependent on them, at that point he experiences emotional changes in his pre-frontal cortex, that zone of the cerebrum that would empower him to survey a specific give circumstance, settle on choices dependent on his judgment of that circumstance, and monitor his wants and desires, as any typical pre-adult would do. This implies the pre-adult would be compelled to lose authority over a given circumstance, and submit to the impact of chronic drug use on his conduct. In this manner, state specialists, presenting drugs or different substances at this phase of improvement would consequently have a durable antagonistic effect on the youngster who has gotten dependent. (Volkow, D Nora (2007)

How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology

How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology Basics Print How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 27, 2019 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems. This type of research plays an important role in solving everyday problems that often have an impact on life, work, health, and overall well-being. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies. There are many different types of psychologists who perform applied research. Psychologists working in human factors or industrial/organizational fields, for example, often do this type of research. Examples A few examples of applied research in psychology include: Investigating which treatment approach is the most effective for reducing anxietyResearching which strategies work best to motivate workersStudying different keyboard designs to determine which is the most efficient and ergonomicAnalyzing what type of prompts will inspire people to volunteer their time to charitiesInvestigating if background music in a work environment can  contribute to greater productivity As you may notice, all of these examples explore topics that will address real-world issues. This immediate and practical application of the findings is what distinguished applied research from basic research, which instead focuses on theoretical concerns. Basic research tends to focus more on big picture topics, such as increasing the scientific knowledge base around a particular topic. Applied research tends to drill down more toward solving specific problems that affect people in the here and now. For example, a social psychologist performing basic research on violence might look at how different factors might contribute to violence in general. A psychologist conducting applied research might tackle the question of what type of programs can be implemented to reduce violence in school settings. However, researchers also suggest that basic research and applied research are actually closely intertwined. Basic research often informs applied research, and applied research often helps basic researchers refine their own theories. As you can see in the example above, the information learned from basic research often builds the basis on which applied research is formed. How It Works Applied research usually starts by identifying a problem that exists in the real world. Applied psychologists then conduct research in order to identify a solution. The type of research that is used can depend upon a variety of factors including unique characteristics of the situation and the kind of problem psychologists are trying to solve. Researchers might opt to use naturalistic observation to see the problem as it occurs in a real-world setting. They might then conduct experiments to help determine why the problem occurs and to explore different solutions that might solve it. Potential Challenges As with any other types of research, challenges can arise when conducting applied research in psychology. Some potential problems that researchers might face when performing this type of research include: Ethical challenges. When conducting applied research in a naturalistic setting, researchers may come across concerns about privacy and informed consent. In some cases, such as in workplace studies conducted by industrial-organizational psychologists, participants may feel pressured or even coerced into participating as a condition of their employment. Problems with validity. Since applied research often takes place in the field, it can be difficult for researchers to maintain complete control over all of the variables. Extraneous variables can also exert a subtle influence that the experimenters may not even consider or realize are having an effect on the results. In many cases, researchers are forced to strike a balance between a studys ecological validity (which is usually quite high in applied research) and the studys internal validity. Since applied research focuses on taking the results of scientific research and utilizing it directly in real-world situations, those who work in this line of research tend to be more concerned with the external validity of their work. External validity refers to the extent that scientific findings can be generalized to other populations. Researchers dont just want to know if the results of their experiments apply to the participants in their studies. They want these results to also apply to larger populations outside of the lab. Because applied research investigates realistic problems, applied researchers are often concerned with the external validity of their studies. This means that they attempt to observe behaviors that can be applied to real-life situations, explains Dawn M. McBride in  The Process of Research in Psychology. This is important because these researchers want to be able to apply their results to a problem that applies to individuals who are not participants in their study (as well as to those individuals who were observed in the study. External validity is also a consideration in basic research but in some cases can be less important that it is in applied research. How Its Used in the Real-World What are some examples of how applied research is used to solve real-world problems? A hospital might conduct applied research on how to prepare patients for certain types of surgical procedures.A business might hire an applied psychologist to assess how to design a workplace console to maximize efficiency and productivity while minimizing worker fatigue and error.An organization might hire an applied researcher to determine how to select employees that are best suited for certain positions within the company. A Word From Verywell Applied research is an important tool in the process of understanding the human mind and behavior. Thanks to this kind of research, psychologists are able to investigate problems that affect peoples daily lives. While this kind of research specifically targets real-world issues, it also contributes to our base of knowledge about how people think and behave.

Steroids †a global epidemic - Free Essay Example

Characteristics that set great athletes apart from good athletes are their competitive spirit and willingness to do whatever is necessary to succeed. Whether it be training multiple hours a day, intensive dieting, or the use of performance enhancing drugs, athletes always desire more. This desire for more can be the motivation for great athletes to accomplish historic tasks, such as setting new records in a sport, or it can lead to the demise of an athletes career, and life. The first case of athletes using drugs to improve performance was in the 1950s. Cyclists began taking amphetamines to minimize the effects of fatigue while in competition (Noakes, 2004). The drug was referred to as, la bomba by italian cyclists, which translates to the bomb. It was extremely popular and began the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs across all sports. In 1958 the FDA approved an anabolic steroid for sale, dianabol. This steroid was created by Dr. John Bosley Ziegler and was released by Ciba Pharmaceuticals (Peters, 2005). Dr. Ziegler studied how Russian weightlifters used testosterone supplements to improve their performance, and decided to experiment on United States weightlifters. He claimed his drug synthesized strength-building properties of testosterone, while minimizing the negative health effects of the drug (Peters, 2005). Later in Zieglers life he started retracting his statements of the drug with very good reason. In the early years of the drugs existence, not much was known about the negative side effects the drug could cause . However, as it became more popular, athletes started seeing various changes in their mental and physical health. The mental effects steroids put on a person may be very hard to overcome for some users. Some even have to seek clinical help for depression, anxiety, and various other mental health issues. Lindqvist (2013) found 13% of steroid-using elite Swedish male athletes sought professional help for clinical depression. P? ¤rssinen (2000) also found increased rates of suicide among steroid users vs. non-users. Drugs tend to affect all individuals differently, making it very hard for a cause and effect relationship between steroids and mental health problems to be identified. However, there is correlation between the two and its found on a consistent basis. P? ¤rssinen (2000) studied Finnish Powerlifting champions from 1977-1982. He found many dangerous risks caused by dianabol, some being fatal. Sixty-two dianabol using weightlifters were studied, along with a control group of 1092 Finnish volunteers. At the end of the twelve year study P? ¤rssinen found a 12.9% mortality rate among the lifters, and a 3.4% mortality rate among the control group. The mean age of death among the lifters was only forty-three years old, and eight of the deaths were due to suicide. This gives a 7.75% suicide rate among the lifters, which is over four times higher than the global suicide rate of 1.8% (Suicide.org, n.d.). On top of the negative mental effects inflicted by steroids, there are also many negative physical effects. In a survey of 117 male steroid users in London, 96.4% of the men reported negative side effects. Testicular atrophy was reported by 51%, insomnia by 47.7%, and hypertension by 19% of the male steroid users (Bolding, 2002). What Bolding found in 2002 directly contradicts Dr. Zieglers claims of minimizing the negative health effects of the drug. Dr. Ziegler, soon before his death in 1983, was referred to as The Godfather of Steroids. He later spoke out against his invention, stating he wished he never created the anabolic steroid after seeing athletes abuse the drug (Peters, 2005). While athletes still use steroids to enhance performance, the use of anabolic steroids has grown to a far bigger population than just athletes. We now see non-athletes using steroids solely to gain muscle or trying lose weight. While these people have the goal in mind to achieve a more desirable body, anabolic steroids can have detrimental effects on mental health. We idolize the perfect body as being muscular and lean, but gaining significant muscle while also trying to lose weight can be very hard for most people. Our culture has promoted the use of steroids whether we intended to or not. This makes steroids a popular option amongst all age groups. Durant (1993) found a 4.2% prevalence rate of steroid use among 13-18 year old students in Richmond County, Georgia. Looking back at P? ¤rssinen (2000) a four times increase risk of suicide was found among steroid users. Seeing how prevalent the use of steroids is among youth is extremely frightening. In a population that is already at very high risk of depression and other mental problems, the addition of a substance that can increase suicide and depression at such high rates is very problematic. Durant also found that 20.7% of steroid use among the youth population also reported use of cocaine. So not only are these users more prone to negative mental and physical health effects, but they are also more likely to use hard drugs at a very young age. The obsession of obtaining a more desirable body is the main reason non-elite athletes use steroids. The fixation of the perfect body can be detrimental to ones self esteem, and can often lead to mental disorders. Never in our educational careers are we taught about steroids or the health implications they may cause. While most youth are given access to this drug through parents or coaches, they are never taught the risks of what steroids can do to your health. Anabolic steroids can cause numerous behavioral changes and can potentially lead to the development of behavioral disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a body-image disorder in which a person obsesses over an imperfection they may see for multiple hours every day (Adaa.org, n.d.). This is a common disorder among anabolic steroid users. Kanayama and colleagues (Kanayama et al. 2006) found anabolic steroid users more likely to show symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (BDD) than non users. This study does not identify a causal relationship between BDD and steroids, but it can potentially be a factor in the development of this disorder. BDD is mainly caused by social and environmental factors. Appearance is very important to almost all weightlifters and bodybuilders, the addition of steroid usage in an individual who is part of the bodybuilding/weightlifting community can create a very high risk for this disorder. Lifters suffering from BDD may spend multiple hours in the gym every day trying to obtain a desired image. However what they see is not reality. In their eyes, they may appear as a very skinny man or woman when in reality they may be the most muscular person in the gym. People suffering from BDD also tend to isolate themselves and suffer from anger issues, which is another negative effect caused by steroids. Increased anger and aggressiveness is one of the more common effects steroids may cause. Choi and Pope (1994) found anabolic steroid users, while on a steroid cycle, report significantly more fights, verbal aggression, and fights with significant others compared to periods of non use. The term roid rage is often used to describe an episode of anger coming from a steroid user. Corrigan (1996) found among the steroid users he studied, 56% showed increased irritability and aggression. When playing a team sport, the very last qualities you want a teammate to have are poor anger management and uncontrollable aggression. This can be detrimental not only t o a persons well being, but also to a teams cohesion and success. The desire to succeed can lead athletes to greatness. However it can also lead athletes to cheating and using anabolic steroids or other performance enhancing drugs. Steroids can be irresistible to people who want to improve their performance by any means. While there is nothing we can do to stop people from abusing this drug, the negative effects steroids can cause need to be know. Our youth are being given this drug by coaches, teachers, and parents who dont know the long term effects this powerful drug may cause. Not only can they harm you physically, but they can mentally destroy you, your team, and your relationships with the people around you.

What Is Love Baby, Don t Hurt Me No More By Trinidadian...

â€Å"What is love? Baby, don t hurt me. Don t hurt me no more† (Halligan 1993). These well-known lyrics sung by Trinidadian-German musician Haddaway describes a relational situation in which one side of the relationship is hurting the other individual in some way. Humans crave love and affection yet at times this craving can goes as far as becoming infidelity in a committed relationship. Relational maintenance is a major part of a romantic relationship and McCornack (2013) states, â€Å"Relational maintenance refers to using communication and supportive behaviors to sustain a desired relationship status and level of satisfaction† (p. 300). However, when one half of the relationship decides that they are unsatisfied in their current relationship the darker side of relationships shows and betrayal and deception can occur. The following will analyze one family from the movie Love Actually (2004) and how self-concept, betrayal, and deception occur in their relationship. McCornack (2013) describes self-concept as â€Å"Your overall perception of who you are. Your self-concept is based on the beliefs, attitudes, and values you have about yourself† (p. 40). In the family consisting of Harry and Karen, self-concept is seen frequently with Karen. Karen is a stay-at-home mother that takes care of their two children, Daisy and Bernie, while Harry works in an office. Karen’s self-concept is seen in how she adores being involved with her children and excelling at being a homemaker and wife. However,

Report About Our Engagement Of Manus Regional Processing...

Report about our engagement in Manus Regional Processing Center Object/Purpose of the visit: The purpose of our visit to Manus RPC is to assist the Status Resolution Officers in engaging individuals with similar cultural backgrounds to gain insight into their perception and objectives, to balance existing perceptions and interpretations. Timing: Three working weeks. Introduction: We engaged in several Status Resolution Interviews and many informal discussions with the residents. In addition, we engaged with the residents in their camps during the shop front weekly visits to assist the SROs to send the following primary messages: a) Manus Regional Processing Centre will close and accordingly the residents need to start thinking about their future outside MPRC. b) They are near the end of the Resolution Status Determination process and must now accept that they will likely be returning home in the near future (either voluntarily or involuntarily). c) They need to thoroughly pursue any third country options as the alternative will be returning to their home countries. d) Currently have the option of Assisted Voluntary Return, however, failure to engage will result likely in involuntary removal which will mean no support or financial assistance. e) Finally, this might be last chance to have some kind of control over their circumstances. As a result, we reached the below: Findings: 1. The SROs are handling the Status Resolution Interviews in a professional and friendlyShow MoreRelatedReport About Manus Regional Processing Center Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pages Report about Manus Regional Processing Center Object/Purpose of the visit: The purpose of our visit is to assist the Status Resolution Officers in engaging individuals with similar linguistics and cultural backgrounds to gain insight into their perception and objectives, to balance existing perceptions and interpretations. Timing: Three working weeks. Introduction: We engaged in a number xx xx of Status Resolution Interviews. Additionally, we visited the residents in their camps during the shopfront

nvq unit306 dementia - 1779 Words

Understand the neurology of Dementia Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome Dementia syndrome is a combination of conditions, which are sometimes called a mixed dementia. Causes of dementia are: †¢ Specific diseases; Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease. †¢ Cerebral vascular accident such as stroke of the brain †¢ A group of conditions/brain disorders Alzheimer’s is caused by broken signals within the brain leading to the death of brain cells, this can also lead to a shortage of some important chemicals, these chemicals control the transmitting of messages to the brain. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition which occurs when the brains nerve cells that contain/produce dopamine die, without the chemical†¦show more content†¦Family/friends: when an individual is given a diagnosis of dementia it impacts on their friends and family too, they may feel angry or guilty but may also have an overwhelming fear of what they can do to support the sufferer and each other at present and in the future. Will they be able to cope with the level of commitment to the individuals needs on top of their own daily trials? Not to mention the added financial/emotional stress. Support services are available for care givers alongside the person suffering with dementia via Gp, social services or online forums. Understand how dementia care must be underpinned by a person centred approach Compare a person centred approach with a non-person centred approach Person centred approach This involves looking at the person as a unique individual while building the care package required just for them, they should have choices available on what they eat/drink, when they like to wake/sleep or which activities they may enjoy being involved in. choices on medications or who will become their advocate when the individual no longer has the mental capacity to make decisions their selves. Giving an individual options can help them feel valued, listened to and often empowered therefore encouraging positive mental wellbeing. Non person centred approach Is the complete opposite to the above! This involves ignoring or not considering

Human Sexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1875 Words

Throughout the semester, we learned about different aspects of human sexuality. Regardless of the subject, the most important take away is diversity. All the sections discussed in and outside of class demonstrate how sexually diverse people are around the world. In order to truly understand how widespread and diverse sexuality is; we explored cultures, evolution, studies, biology, religion, physiology, and psychology. By delving into these categories, we can comprehend sexuality and apply our knowledge to a greater number of people. One sexual phenomenon covered in class is intersexual people and what factors play role in this condition. Due to the variety of conditions, the world of intersexual people tends to be tremendously diverse. Today, schools across the world provide different forms of sexual education to their students. Overall, students should be educated in order to better protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. When men and women de cide to become sexually active, is it vital that they are educated enough to be responsible. Human sexuality is a subject that cannot be avoided, therefore, everyone should have a baseline knowledge of the diverse topics. Men and women can be differentiated based upon their sexual reproductive organs. A phenomenon called intersex is when someone’s biological sex is unclear. The people that fall into the intersex category are not a consistent male or female (Hyde 99). In class we discussed theShow MoreRelatedHuman Sexuality And Its Effect On Society2663 Words   |  11 Pages2014-08-13 Introduction Human sexuality is defined as the capability of individuals to experience their sexuality and be able to express themselves as sexual beings (Hyde DeLameck, 2006). Our interest in this topic is because with time, there has been a change in rules that control human sexual behaviour. The status quo in our contemporary society is much different as compared to an earlier state of conditions, and the change has, as a result, brought the evolvement in human sexuality. People s viewRead MoreMedia Influence On The Media993 Words   |  4 Pages they can do anything. Media is the way to translate different news, videos, music over the people. I think media influence the most about the sexuality. Media influence me by showing different sexual stories in the newspaper, by posting videos and picture on the website, and by watching different sexual videos on movies influence the most about sexuality. It is a positive influence because we can get the knowledge about sexual precaution and awaren ess. Television programs influence about sexualRead MoreSocio-Cultural Influences On Sexuality. Socio-Cultural1156 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality Socio-cultural influence plays a major role in sexual behaviors. It gives a better comprehension on why men are men and women are women. These socio-cultural are influenced by physical, emotional, cultural and economic aspects. Time and time again research has proven that socio-cultural influences have a significant role in human sexuality. Culture is the manner of life of the people. Thus, culture shapes the ideas of what behaviors are acceptable for men andRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality By Michel Foucault1729 Words   |  7 Pageschapter of the book entitled â€Å"The History of Sexuality† by Michel Foucault seeks to explain the traditional and modern issues regarding sexuality. Michel argues out that during the 17th century, sexuality was not a big deal, and various sexual acts were pursued more or less deliberately. Primarily, there was no taboo concerning sex and people of all age groups including children were well aware of sexual behaviours. 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However, in society, many people want to see t he opposite sex dating the opposite sex, such as a female dating a male. Whenever someone acts against that notion, such as a female dating a female or a male dating a male, people would see that as being deviant. This connects us back to history when differentRead MoreDiscourse of Sex and the Creation of Docile Bodies Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesCreation of Docile Bodies Subjection is a process that operates in society, and according to sociologist Michel Foucault, can be applied to a multiplicity of discourses. Foucault explains that the beginning of the nineteenth century marked the age of sexual repression and censorship, which became a time of subjection through exerting disciplinary control over a docile population. In his The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how the scientification of sex came about. SpecificallyRead MoreSexuality : The Behavioral And Sociological Theory Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuman sexuality is a common phrase for all, and anything, pertaining to the feelings and behaviors of sex for the human race. Sexuality has been a topic that has been discussed and studied for as far back as 1000 years B.C. and is still being studied today. As the discussion of sexuality has progressed through history, theories have been created based on research and experiments that scholars have implemented, based on their own perceptions of human behavior. Out of the many theories that pose toRead MoreHow The Importance Of Sexuality In China939 Words   |  4 Pages Research comparing how people in the United States are more widely accepted based on sexuality than other parts of the world, particularly focusing on China. In the United States sexuality is less biased and more widely accepted than in China, making it easier for people with different types of sexuality get more recognition and acceptance. Depending on where you are in the world human sexuality will constantly be contested and changed based on how people feel about other people, even if that meansRead MoreSexuality : Human Sexuality, Sexual Orientation And Sexual Behavior1193 Words   |  5 Pages HUMAN SEXUALITY ReNata Shaw APUS: Human Sexuality Assignment 2 Resubmit Dr. Foster November 29, 2015 Human Sexuality Introduction Sexuality encompasses aspects in a person’s life that involves sex and gender identity, sexual orientation and sexual behavior. It encompasses the physical, social and psychological aspects of a person’s sexual behavior. It underpins what an individual is, affects the individual’s life wholesomely and is unique to each and every individual

Greek literature Free Essays

During the time of Homer, Greek literature was saturated in laws and rituals carefully presented through the thrilling plots of adventure and drama. This way, a storyteller could keep the interest of his audience by relating a fantastic episode to the everyday occurrences of an oikos and give the reader both the extraordinary and the familiar. The Odyssey is an assemblage of these episodes whose cloaked intentions were to represent a distinct theme in Ithacan culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Greek literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each story presented in the Odyssey allows the reader to further understand the true state of Ithaca and how it compares in civility to other cultures, on the basis of laws, rituals and social conduct. A passage of particular interest is found in Book IX, lines 105-141. It is when Odysseus sits in the palace of the Phaiakians and recalls his encounter with the culture of the Cyclopes. The obvious purpose of this recount is to give the audience another adventure, a new idea which will keep their attention. Yet his journey to the land of the Cyclopes has a greater purpose. It allows the audience to consider another culture with much different civil standards than their own oikos (which in many ways is similar to Ithaca). The Cycloptic culture is that of great indolence and barbarism. Its inhabitants are extremely lazy and live off the livelihood provided to them by Zeus. â€Å"[The Cyclopes’] neither plow with their hands no plant anything, but all grow for them without seed-planting, without cultivation, wheat and barley and also grapevines, which yield for them wine of strength, and it is Zeus’ rain that waters it for them† (Book IX. ll. 108-111). They do no take part in any of the food making process, so it isn’t even as though Zeus is helping them out, he is just doing it for them; this shows how lethargic these creatures truly are. The culture of the Cycloptic civilization has a striking resemblance to the situation in Ithaca. Although during Odysseus’ reign of Ithaca’s, we are lead to believe that it is a great city with hard working citizens, this is not the case all the time. While Odysseus is gone, the situation Telemachos must face reflects an environment with a similar social conduct. The suitors that have come to court Penelope have completely overtaken the oikos. All of Ithaca’s goods and services are at their disposal, of which they did not work or pay for in any manner. â€Å"[The suitors’] heralds poured water over their hands for them to wash with, and the serving maids brought them bread heaped up in baskets, and the young men filled the mixing bowls with wine for their drinking† (Book I. ll. 44-149). Just as the Cyclopes relied on the gods, the suitors did not earn any of their food, but rather they relied on the (one-sided) hospitality of the Ithacans. The political order of the Cyclopes is a very sketchy, undefined one. There is no central government and it is as though they are in constant competition in order to maintain their survival. They do not necessarily look out for each other, but rather have their own personal goal to take care of themselves and their families by any means necessary. â€Å"These people have no institutions, no meetings for council†¦ and each one is the law for his own wives and children and cares nothing about the others† (Book IX. ll. 110-115). Again, this is similar to the way the suitors treat the situation they are put in. Each man is out for himself, to win Penelope’s hand in marriage. Telemachos is fully aware of this fact and tells the assembly of their misconduct. â€Å"For my mother, against her will, is beset by suitors, own sons to the men who are the greatest hereabouts. These shrink from making the journey to the house of her father Ikarios, so that he might take bride gifts for his daughter and bestow her on the one he wished, who came as his favorite; rather all their days, they come and loiter in our house and sacrifice our oxen and our sheep and our fat goats and make a holiday feast of it and drink the bright wine recklessly† (Book II. ll. 50-58). Telemachos tells of how the suitors have no respect for Penelope or the oikos and how they do not care about whether or not the food will run out. They are only out for themselves. In fact, they did not even go to Penelope’s father’s home to pay gift because they are too lazy and selfish. They is no order in the oikos, it just an unruly chaos in which every man is out to get the grand prize for the lowest price possible. Homer has a very ingenious style of story telling, in which he compares and contrasts Ithaca with the civilizations Odysseus encounters during his many years away. Each of these civilization is a reflection of what Ithaca is, was, or could be. In the case of the land of the Cyclopes, Odysseus has a glimpse of what is going back home without even being there. Because Odysseus goes through these journeys, he is able to better understand his own country, and gain a new appreciation for the social rituals which are common during his reign in Ithaca. How to cite Greek literature, Papers

Ceremony free essay sample

Cultural Collision in Ceremony Leslie Marmon Silko’s enlightening Pueblo Indian, mixed heritage perspective in her novel Ceremony represents significant progress for the oppressed culture and identity of Native Americans. European Colonizers entered America with a society focused on exploiting all the country had to offer. Unfortunately the manipulation and deception that accompanied this society came at a colossal cost to the countries natural resources and native people. In her novel Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko illustrates the â€Å"witchery† of white society and its destructive affects on the Native American WWII veterans: Tayo, Rocky, Emo, Harley, Leroy and Pinkie. The stories of these individual characters portray the blinding destructiveness of white society; as well as the hopes and possibility of freeing mankind from the manipulative leash of â€Å"witchery. † Understanding the â€Å"witchery† and Native American traditions mentioned throughout the novel are essential in order to properly scrutinize the devastating impacts imposed by white society. According to Betonie, the wise medicine man who guides Tayo through his struggles, â€Å"it was Indian witchery that made white people in the first place. † (132) Betonies rebuttals the common Indian misconception that white people are solely responsible for the evils in the world; addressing that they â€Å"are only tools that the witchery manipulates. † (132) He believes the manipulative aspects of â€Å"witchery† divert individuals from a relationship with the natural and spiritual world to a more modernized relationship with the material world. This ideal is illustrated in the story of the ancient witches who’ve gathered from around the world to show off their special charms and powers; â€Å"The contest started like that. Then some of them lifted the lids on their big cooking pots, calling the rest of them over to take a look. † (134) Similar to a modern day fashion or technology show; the witches valued and compared their material objects. Later in the fable, a witch shares a horrifying story that introduces white people to the other witches. The witch says that they see no life when they look they see only objects. The world is a dead thing for them and that â€Å"they will kill the things they fear, all the animals, the people will starve. † (135) The withes are terrified by his story and ask, â€Å"to call it back† but it’s too late. In contrast to â€Å"witchery† the Pueblo Indian traditions revolve around the concept that everything is interrelated; believing that humans must respect the natural and spiritual world. Tayo exemplifies this custom when he encountered the mountain lion and â€Å"poured yellow pollen from Josiah’s tobacco sack†¦ into the four foot prints. Mountain lion, the hunter. Mountain Lion, the hunter’s helper. † (196) Recalling the Pueblo Indian myth of the hunter and mountain lion, Tayo respectfully honors the spirit. Tayo, Rocky, Harley, Emo, Leroy, and Pinkie are affected by the â€Å"witchery,† when they are persuaded to enlist in World War II in order to prove themselves patriotic Americans. They were America the Beautiful too, this was the land of the free just like the teachers said in school. They had the uniform and they didnt look different no more. They got respect. (42) Similarly to how the witch’s â€Å"jumped into [the] animals skins,† (134) to experience a different reality; the American uniforms gained the Pueblo men respect and a glimpse of the white American lifestyle. However, the respect and lifestyle were abruptly taken from the men upon the return of their uniforms. When everyone but Rocky returns to the Pueblo Indian Reservation from war, Tayo suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder and turns to drinking with his other veteran friends. \After Emo’s exposure to the white world during his time in uniform, he returns to the Pueblo Reservation as a representation of â€Å"witchery,† and its manipulative ways. Emo results to alcohol and forgets his Native American roots, replacing traditional stories with ones of white woman and fighting ‘Japs’. Emo was envious of the white society and he believed that â€Å"belonging was drinking and laughing with platoon, dancing with blond women, buying drinks for buddies born in Cleveland, Ohio† (43) Emo’s brutal enthusiasm of war is portrayed when he states, â€Å"we were the best. U. S. Army. We butchered every Jap we found. No Jap bastard was fit to take prisoner. † (61) His souvenir bag of Japanese teeth further depicts his cruelty and wickedness. Emo has always disrespected Tayo because of his mixed heritage, however towards the end of the novel Emo acts boldly by telling the community that Tayo has gone crazy. Just like the â€Å"witchery† that manipulated the men into war; Emo manipulates the other alcoholic veterans: Leroy, Harley, and Pinkie into searching for Tayo. Emo eventually kills his veteran supporters and leaves for San Francisco. Emo’s escape symbolizes that just like the â€Å"witchery,† he still exists. Harley, Leroy, and Pinkie represent the week Native American war veteran alcoholics who are easily manipulated. Leroy’s purchase of his no money down truck from a white many portrays a â€Å"ripped off† Indian, when Tayo â€Å"could smell fumes from the loud busted muffler. † (157) Harley, Leroy and Pinkie are manipulated by Emo to turn against Tayo; and as a result they all die. Tayo addresses that there cause of death was a result of witchery either way, when he says â€Å"it was not much different than if they had died at Wake Island or Iwo Jima: the bodies were dismembered beyond recognition and the coffins were sealed. † (250) When Tayo return from war, he suffers from post-traumatic stress syndrome; unable to be cured by western medicine. Critic Roland Barthes has said: Literature is the question minus the answer. Using Ceremony, consider Barthes observation and write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the authors treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. completion of his mythical ceremony heals his Reservation. Silko hopes that her novel, just like Tayo’s ceremony, has the power to heal mankind from the manipulation of â€Å"witchery. †

Visual Analysis of a Beuford Smith Photograph Essay Example

Visual Analysis of a Beuford Smith Photograph Paper The piece which I will analyze was shot by Beuford Smith, and is titled These Colors Dont Run. It was taken in 1999 and is a silver gelatin print. It is displayed in Robert B. Menschel Photography Gallery in the Schine Student Center at Syracuse University. The issue at the heart of Smiths print appears to be race and racial tensions, as with many of the other works on display. However unlike some of the others it was not taken in the period during and before the sixties. Rather than this time, which we view as the era of racial change and the peak of racial tension in America, it was taken in 1999 a time were less attention is given to any remaining tension. Nor does the print depict an actual event which we view as a symbol of racial tension, like Million Man March in Washington D.C. and Three Placards, June 14, Anti-Apartheid Rally, Central Park, New York New York City. How exactly is Smith commenting on our current situation and what is he saying? The print is done in black and w hite making one think that it was in fact taken during the civil rights movement. However this assumption is quickly found to be wrong as one investigates the boys shirt which has the words Operation Desert Storm. By having viewers make this assumption and then find out that it is not so the color serves to emphasize that this is about a current issue. Also the black and white coloring makes it feel more like a factual documentation. The two focal points of the piece are the young African American boy on the out side of the shop and the elderly white woman seated at the counter looking through the glass. The boy has a sad look on his face and has his hands on to caf style tables on the sidewalk. His stance seemed determined his gaze is fixed on something in the street. Although we can assume the boy is not actually thinking of racial issues his appearance may be intended by Smith to represent the larger African American society, un

CUSD Summer Research Experience Essay Sample

CUSD Summer Research Experience Essay SampleThe CSU Summer Research Experience Essay Sample is one of the many written exam's required for entrance into the undergraduate program. This course requires a minimum grade of 70% for placement on an actual college campus. While this essay test is not something many will expect, it is still a way to measure a student's potential as an undergraduate.In the first part of the Summer Research Experience, students are asked to write an essay on what they would like to gain from the course. Many students describe themselves as experts at their chosen field of study. In other words, they have studied and absorbed all that information and know it inside and out. This part of the course provides students with the opportunity to really see how their skills have developed over time.When looking at the second part of the Summer Research Experience, students are asked to list their favorite hobby. Students often choose sports or music or books or for be ing 'non-essential' activities. While students choose a particular hobby, this type of writing provides a way to highlight a significant aspect of their personality that they cannot do without.The third part of the Summer Research Experience is the Analytical Writing section. There are several strategies that students can use in this section. Using descriptive adjectives and verbs can be a great way to add some energy to their writing. Using a large quantity of open-ended questions can also come in handy here.The final part of the Summer Research Experience is the Word Analysis and Syntax section. Students must be familiar with the rules for grammar and spelling in order to succeed here.This part of the Summer Research Experience is only taken as a class elective, but can provide a great foundation for future academic success. This essay sample provides a great review of the subject matter that students will face in their future undergraduate courses.If you plan to take the Summer R esearch Experience at CSU, look no further than the CSU Summer Research Experience Essay Sample. This sample is a great introduction to the many facets of this course and can help you prepare for your exams before you begin the course.

The Dawes Act of 1887

The Dawes Act of 1887 The Dawes Act of 1887 was a United States post-Indian Wars law intended to assimilate Indians into white U.S. society by encouraging them to abandon their tribally-owned reservation lands, along with their cultural and social traditions. Signed into law by President Grover Cleveland on February 8, 1887, the Dawes Act resulted in the sale of over ninety million acres of formerly Native American-owned tribal land to non-natives. The negative effects of the Dawes Act on Native Americans would result in the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the so-called â€Å"Indian New Deal.† Key Takeaways: The Dawes Act The Dawes Act was a U.S. law enacted in 1887 for the stated purpose of assimilating Native Americans into white society.The act offered all Native Americans ownership of â€Å"allotments† of non-reservation land for farming.Indians who agreed to leave the reservations and farm their allotment land were granted full U.S. citizenship.Though well-intentioned, the Dawes Act had a decidedly negative effect on Native Americans, on and off the reservations. US Government-Native American Relation in the 1800s During the 1800s, European immigrants began settling areas of U.S. territories adjacent to Native American-held tribal territories. As competition for resources along with cultural differences between groups increasingly led to conflict, the U.S. government expanded its efforts to control Native Americans. Believing the two cultures could never coexist, the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) ordered the forced relocation of Native Americans from their tribal lands to â€Å"reservations† west of the Mississippi River, far from the white settlers. Native American resistance to the forced relocation resulted in the Indian Wars between Native American and the U.S. Army that raged in the West for decades. Finally defeated by the U.S. military, the tribes agreed to resettle on the reservations. As a result, Native Americans found themselves the â€Å"owners† of over 155 million acres of land ranging from sparse desert to valuable agricultural land. Under the reservation system, the tribes were granted ownership of their new lands along with the right to govern themselves. Adjusting to their new way of life, Native Americans preserved their cultures and traditions on the reservations. Still recalling the brutality of the Indian wars, many white Americans continued to fear the Indians and demanded more government control over the tribes. The Indians’ resistance to becoming â€Å"Americanized† was viewed as uncivilized and threatening. As the 1900s began, the assimilation of Native Americans into American culture became a national priority. Responding to public opinion, influential members of Congress felt it was time for the tribes to give up their tribal lands, traditions, and even their identities as Indians. The Dawes Act was, at the time, considered the solution. Dawes Act Allotment of Indian Lands Named for its sponsor, Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts, the Dawes Act of 1887- also called the General Allotment Act- authorized the U.S. Department of the Interior to divide Native American tribal land into parcels or â€Å"allotments† of land to be owned, lived on, and farmed by individual Native Americans. Each Native American head of household was offered an allotment 160 acres of land, while unmarried adults were offered 80 acres. The law stipulated that grantees could not sell their allotment for 25 years. Those Native Americans who accepted their allotment and agreed to live separately from their tribe were granted the advantages of full United States citizenship. Any â€Å"excess† Indian reservation lands remaining after the allotments were determined available for purchase and settlement by non-Native Americans. The main objectives of the Dawes Act were to: abolish tribal and communal land ownershipassimilate Native Americans into mainstream American societylift Native Americans out of poverty, thus reducing the costs of Native American administration Individual Native American ownership of land for European-American style subsistence farming was seen as the key to achieving the Dawes Act’s objectives. Supporters of the act believed that by becoming citizens, Native American would be encouraged to exchange their â€Å"uncivilized† rebellious ideologies for those that would help them become economically self-supporting citizens, no longer in need of costly government supervision. Impact Rather than helping them as its creators intended, the Dawes Act had decidedly negative effects on Native Americans. It ended their tradition of farming communally held land which had for centuries ensured them a home and individual identity in the tribal community. As historian Clara Sue Kidwell wrote in her book â€Å"Allotment,† the act â€Å"was the culmination of American attempts to destroy tribes and their governments and to open Indian lands to settlement by non-Native Americans and to development by railroads.† As a result of the act, land owned by Native Americans decreased from 138 million acres in 1887 to 48 million acres in 1934. Senator Henry M. Teller of Colorado, an outspoken critic of the act, said the intent of the allotment plan was â€Å"to despoil the Native Americans of their lands and to make them vagabonds on the face of the earth.† Indeed, the Dawes Act harmed Native Americans in ways its supporters never anticipated. The close social bonds of life in tribal communities were broken, and displaced Indians struggled to adapt to their now nomadic agricultural existence. Many Indians who had accepted their allotments lost their land to swindlers. For those who chose to stay on the reservations, life became a daily battle with poverty, disease, filth, and depression. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Dawes Act (1887).† OurDocuments.gov. US National Archives and Records AdministrationKidwell, Clara Sue. â€Å"Allotment.† Oklahoma Historical Society: Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and CultureCarlson, Leonard A. â€Å"Indians, Bureaucrats, and Land.† Greenwood Press (1981). ISBN-13: 978-0313225338.

The Quest for Individual Freedom in Liberalism

The Quest for Individual Freedom in Liberalism Liberalism is one of the principal doctrines in Western political philosophy. Its core values are typically expressed in terms of individual freedom and equality. How these two ought to be understood is a matter of dispute so that they are often differently declined in different places or among different groups. Even so, it is typical to associate liberalism with democracy, capitalism, freedom of religion, and human rights. Liberalism is has been mostly defended in England and the United States. Among the authors that most contributed to the development of liberalism, John Locke (1632-1704) and John Stuart Mill (1808-1873). Early Liberalism Political and civic behavior describable as liberal can be found across the history of humanity, but liberalism as a full-fledged doctrine can be traced back to approximately three hundred and fifty years ago, in northern Europe, England, and Holland in particular. It should be remarked, however, that the history of liberalism is entrenched with the one of an earlier cultural movement, namely humanism, which flourished in central Europe, especially in Florence, in the 1300 and 1400s, reaching its apex during Renaissance, in fifteen hundreds. It is indeed in those countries that most delved into the exercise of free trade and exchange of people and ideas that liberalism thrived. The Revolution of 1688 marks, from this perspective, an important date for liberal doctrine, underlined by the success of entrepreneurs such as Lord Shaftesbury and authors such as John Locke, who returned to England after 1688 and resolved to finally publish his masterpiece, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), wherein he provided also a defense of individual liberties that are key to the liberalist doctrine. Modern Liberalism Despite its recent origins, liberalism has an articulated history testifying of its key role in modern Western society. The two great revolutions, in America (1776) and France (1789) refined some of the key ideas behind liberalism: democracy, equal rights, human rights, the separation between State and religion and freedom of religion, the focus on the individual well-being. The 19th century was a period of intense refinement of the values of liberalism, which had to face the novel economic and social conditions posed by incipient industrial revolution. Not only authors such as John Stuart Mill gave a fundamental contribution to liberalism, bringing to the philosophical attention topics such as freedom of speech, the liberties of women and of slaves; but also the birth of the socialist and communist doctrines, among others under the influence of Karl Marx and the French utopists, forced liberalists to refine their views and bond into more cohesive political groups. In the 20th century, liberalism was restated to adjust to the changing economic situation by authors such as Ludwig von Mises and John Maynard Keynes. The politics and lifestyle diffused by the Unites States throughout the world, then, gave a key impulse to the success of liberal lifestyle, at least in practice if not in principle. In more recent decades, liberalism has been used also to address the pressing issues of the crisis of capitalism and the globalized society. As the 21st century enters into its central phase, liberalism is still a driving doctrine that inspires political leaders and individual citizens. It is the duty of all those who live in a civil society to confront with such a doctrine. Sources: Bourdieu, Pierre.  The Essence of Neoliberalism.  http://mondediplo.com/1998/12/08bourdieu. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.  Liberalism.  https://www.britannica.com/topic/liberalism. The Liberty Fund.  Online Library. http://oll.libertyfund.org/. Hayek, Friedrich A.  Liberalism.   angelfire.com/rebellion/oldwhig4ever/ .Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Liberalism.  https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberalism/.

Sociology and Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology and Anthropology - Essay Example Since most people know that smoking is hazardous to people’s health, just a limited number really understands what other social problems smoking can cause to both the people and the entire society. As stated, smoking results in death. According to the World Health Organization, smoking holds responsibility for every single death in five. Extent of Effects of Smoking as a Social Problem Apart from deaths, smoking extended illnesses such as cancer, respiratory and heart diseases among others. Facts maintain that continuous smoking can lead to cancer, which is a killer in both the contemporary United States and the world. Furthermore, smoking claims a higher percentage of heart diseases and respiratory illnesses in America. Smoking also causes liver cirrhosis, which, in turn, results in death if not treated early enough (McEachern, 2010). As people continue to wonder about the direct effects of smoking, research observations reveal that passive smoking, which is a common phenomen on among most Americans, causes lung cancer. Passive smoking is as endangering as it has links with cot death and asthma in children as well as glue gear (Barrett, 2009). Therefore, it is agreeable to say that smoking does not only affect whoever is smoking but also affects those around him. Additionally, contemporary United States, among other countries, is part of the largest producers of tobacco leafs. Tobacco planting results in deforestation as planters must clear the bushes before they replace them with tobacco trees (Gobo, 2004). This shows that the need for smoking leads to deforestation, which in the end results in lack of land for other agricultural purposes. Consequently, people suffer from poverty and other social problems due to tobacco plating in the contemporary United States. Further, the level of crime is on the increase in contemporary United States (Delamater & Myers, 2010). Criminal investigations record the habit of smoking among the youth as one of the most com mon motives of indulging in crime. This is because smoking among teenagers in contemporary United States goes hand in hand with other substance abuse. As a result, the need for more of these substances and lack of resources to acquire them among this generation accounts for their involvement in criminal activities (Barrett, 2009). Sociological Theory That Explains Smoking Interestingly, sociologists and other great thinkers tend to theorize almost everything. Through theorizing, they believe they can set forth better platforms where people can understand certain phenomena. The theory of structural functionalism explains smoking by aiding in establishing the factors that lead to smoking (McEachern, 2010). Additionally, it tries to expound on matters relevant to ways of stopping the habit of smoking. Sociologists in the criminal department have made the use of structural functionalism as a core element in trying to establish the type and amount of smokes, and the time consumed by smok ers. The theory of structural functionalism tries to provide empirical and modified range of type of cigarette that a particular person has been smoking (Evans, 2009). This symbolic dialect also encompasses the application of the theory of symbolic interactionalism which is a social psychological instrument used by sociologists in establishing the amount of smokes consumed by the subject. Essay Two The Nature-Nurture Debate The nature-nurture controversy has been and still is a

Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Insurance - Essay Example This insurance mostly targets young drivers because they are inexperienced and reduces their chances of getting into road accidents (Avery, 2011). In most cases, young people, both male and female, usually lack a sense of responsibility especially when they know that they have parents or guardians to take care of them. This is a moral hazard since these young people have a tendency of taking adverse risks because they know that they will not incur the cost of the damages they cause. Young men are known for engaging in risky behaviour such as drunk driving, overspeeding, and ignoring road signs. This puts them on the high premium section because they are high risk insurance buyers (Telematics insurance, 2012). Young women, on the other hand, are known to be more careful because they pay attension to the roads as they drive and are keen on observing road rules. This means that young female drivers are bound to benefit more from telematics insurance than their male counterparts. Conform ing to the provisions of telematic insurance policies gives the young female drivers an opportunity to enjoy low premiums thus lower insurance costs (Wright, 2012). However, being young, both men and women are bound to make the same mistakes that could cause accidents in which the car gets damaged or they damage other people’s property. They do all this because they know that their parents pay the car insurance and, therefore, they behave recklessly. However, there comes a time that they have to be responsible for their actions and this involves paying for their car insurance. This prompts for the selection of an insurance cover that takes care of their needs wholesomely. Telematic insurance promises rewards for its most careful drivers, and this could encourage careless young drivers to be more careful and abandon their moral hazard so as to increase their chances of getting rewards. Telematic insurance is known for its use of technology gadgets which are pricy especially to the young vehicle owners interested in buying insurance cover. Most of the information given to the buyer is about the use of up to date technology to recover lost vehicles and to help drivers avoid accidents. However, the user is not aware that these gadgets are expensive and contribute to the charges of the insurance cover. This is a case of adverse selection because one party is withholding information from the other. The fact that this cover contains rewards in its package only serves to attract clients and to prompt them to be careful while driving (Wright, 2013). When young people realize that their risky behaviour result in loses, they might opt to get an insurance cover thus research for an insurance cover. A standard insurance policy requires all those buying insurance to pay for a certain standard amount. This means that females, who are less likely to damage their vehicles have to pay more. In any case they might not even use the cover after all because chances of them g etting into an accident are very low. Male drivers, on the other hand, tend to get into accidents and the amount females pay may just subsidize that used by the younger males. In addition, insurers do not reduce the price of insurance cost for young female drivers just because they tend to use it less often. In fact, insurance costs keep going higher

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INTRODUCTION Advertising can mean many different things in today’s world. When advertising first was developed it was done by would of mouth and the classic flyer or poster, which is the traditional media. Then it moved up to using broadcast media such as radio to help capture a bigger audience. After that it moved towards the television where an even bigger audience could be reached. Lastly companies started to realize the shear amount of traffic that was generated by the Internet. The Internet first started to get popular in the mid 1990’s. Where only people with high tech computers and that could afford the service had the Internet. Of course the Internet did not look the way it does now during that time. There were no pop up ads, java, banners, or graphics that made a consumer purchase a product because they saw it on the Internet. One main reason that there was none of this was because the Internet could only use dial – up. Of course everyone knows how slowly that was, so picture trying to upload or update a website at that pace with huge files. We all know that this would take a very long time eventually making the company lose money. With the turn of the century close by not only did we enter a new century but we entered a new age of the Internet. The introduction of a cable modem drastically increased the Internet population. With speeds up to almost one hundred times faster then dial – up there was no comparison. With this new inven tion companies soon started to ease off on some parts of their advertising campaign and focused more on advertising on the Internet. So what is Internet Advertising? Internet Advertising is a way of marketing services or products on the World Wide Web. This can be done through search engine o... ... right people by increasing the awareness about the product, its benefits and drawbacks. This is important for the success of a business. There is both good and dark side of Internet advertising, including for social networking sites. As alluded to earlier, Internet marketing can manifest in negative, sometimes downright irritating, ways. Advertising malpractice can broach both the ethical and the legal. In e-mail marketing, knowing what constitutes spamming and what is legitimate advertising is extremely important. Internet threw open the plethora of opportunities for enormous scaling of business, thanks to the massive scope of expanding as well as popularizing the business by way of online advertisement. Now, every kind of business no matter big or small businesses can expand itself by way of online advertising where there are massive users across the whole world.